Helena

Plant Layer

canopy Mesic
mixed hdwd.
Acer floridanum southern sugar maple
Acer rubrum eastern red maple
Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory
Carya glabra pignut hickory
Carya ovata shagbark hickory
Carya tomentosa mockernut hickory
Celtis laevigata southern hackberry
Fagus grandifolia American beech
Fraxinus americana white ash
Juglans nigra black walnut
Liquidambar styraciflua sweet gum
Liriodendron tulipifera tulip-tree
Magnolia macrophylla bigleaf magnolia
Quercus alba white oak
Quercus phellos willow oak
Quercus rubra red oak
Quercus shumardii shumard oak
Quercus velutina black oak
understory Mesic
mixed hdwd.
Acer leucoderme chalk maple
Acer negundo eastern box elder
Acer rubrum eastern red maple
Amelanchier arborea downy serviceberry
Asimina triloba pawpaw
Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam
Cercis canadensis eastern redbud
Chionanthus virginicus fringe-tree
Cornus florida flowering dogwood
Ilex opaca American holly
Juniperus virginiana eastern red cedar
Morus rubra red mulberry
Nyssa sylvatica black gum
Ostrya virginiana American hop-hornbeam
Oxydendrum arboreum sourwood
Prunus serotina black cherry
Ulmus alata winged elm
Ulmus rubra slippery elm
shrubs Mesic
mixed hdwd.
Aesculus sylvatica painted buckeye
Calycanthus floridus sweet-shrub
Corylus americana beaked hazelnut
Dirca palustris leatherwood
Euonymus americanus strawberry-bush
Euonymus atropurpureus American wahoo
Hamamelis virginiana northern witch-hazel
Hydrangea arborescens smooth hydrangea
Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel
Lindera benzoin northern spicebush
Philadelphus inodorus scentless mock-orange
Physocarpus opulifolius eastern ninebark
Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxterflower
Sambucus canadensis common elderberry
Staphylea trifolia bladdernut
Styrax grandifolius bigleaf snowbell
Vaccinium pallidum hillside blueberry
Vaccinium stamineum deerberry
Viburnum spp. viburnum
Viburnum acerifolium mapleleaf viburnum
Viburnum cassinoides northern wild raisin
Viburnum nudum southern wild raisin
Viburnum prunifolium black haw
Viburnum rafinesqueanum downy arrow-wood
Viburnum rufidulum southern black haw
vines Mesic
mixed hdwd.
Bignonia capreolata cross-vine
Lonicera sempervirens coral honeysuckle
Menispermum canadense moonseed
Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia-creeper
Smilax spp. greenbrier
Toxicodendron radicans eastern poison ivy
Vitis spp. wild grape
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine
herbs Mesic
mixed hdwd.
Actaea pachypoda dolls'-eyes
Actaea racemosa black-cohosh
Adiantum pedatum northern maidenhair fern
Anemone americana round-lobed hepatica
Aquilegia canadensis eastern columbine
Arisaema triphyllum jack-in-the-pulpit
Asarum canadense wild ginger
Athyrium asplenioides southern lady fern
Boehmeria cylindrica false-nettle
Botrypus virginianus rattlesnake fern
Cardamine angustata eastern slender toothwort
Cardamine concatenata cutleaf toothwort
Carex spp. sedge
Chamaelirium luteum devil's bit
Chelone glabra white turtlehead
Chimaphila maculata pipsissewa
Chrysogonum virginianum green-and-gold
Collinsonia canadensis northern horsebalm
Corydalis flavula short-spurred corydalis
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens large yellow lady's-slipper
Delphinium tricorne dwarf larkspur
Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's britches
Endodeca serpentaria turpentine-root
Enemion biternatum false rue-anemone
Epifagus virginiana beechdrops
Erythronium umbilicatum dimpled trout lily
Eutrochium purpureum purple-node Joe Pye weed
Galium circaezans southern forest bedstraw
Geranium maculatum wild geranium
Geum canadense white avens
Goodyera pubescens downy rattlesnake-orchid
Heuchera americana American alumroot
Hexastylis arifolia little brown jug
Hexastylis minor little heartleaf
Hexastylis virginica Virginia heartleaf
Hybanthus concolor green-violet
Hylodesmum nudiflorum naked tick-trefoil
Impatiens capensis orange jewelweed
Iris cristata dwarf crested iris
Lathyrus venosus forest pea
Lycopus virginicus Virginia bugleweed
Maianthemum racemosum false Solomon's seal
Melica mutica melic grass
Mitchella repens partridge-berry
Nabalus serpentarius lion's foot
Osmunda regalis royal fern
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum cinnamon fern
Panicum spp. switch grass
Passiflora lutea yellow passionflower
Podophyllum peltatum may-apple
Polygonatum biflorum small Solomon's seal
Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern
Prenanthes serpentaria lion's foot
Ranunculus recurvatus hooked buttercup
Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot
Saururus cernuus lizard's tail
Solidago caesia axillary goldenrod
Stellaria pubera star chickweed
Thalictrum thalictroides rue-anemone
Tiarella cordifolia heartleaf foamflower
Tipularia discolor cranefly orchid
Trillium catesbaei Catesby's trillium
Trillium cuneatum sweet Betsy
Uvularia perfoliata perfoliate bellwort
Viola spp. violet
Woodwardia areolata netted chain fern
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