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mesic mixed hardwood forest

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canopy

Acer rubrum eastern red maple Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory Carya glabra pignut hickory Carya tomentosa mockernut hickory Fagus grandifolia American beech Fraxinus americana white ash Liquidambar styraciflua sweet gum Liriodendron tulipifera tulip-tree Quercus alba white oak Quercus rubra red oak Quercus velutina black oak

understory

Acer rubrum eastern red maple Amelanchier arborea downy serviceberry Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam Cercis canadensis eastern redbud Chionanthus virginicus fringe-tree Cornus florida flowering dogwood Ilex opaca American holly Morus rubra red mulberry Nyssa sylvatica black gum Oxydendrum arboreum sourwood Prunus serotina black cherry

shrubs

Calycanthus floridus sweet-shrub Euonymus americanus strawberry-bush Hamamelis virginiana northern witch-hazel Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxterflower Vaccinium pallidum hillside blueberry Vaccinium stamineum deerberry Viburnum acerifolium mapleleaf viburnum Viburnum prunifolium black haw Viburnum rafinesqueanum downy arrow-wood Viburnum rufidulum southern black haw

vines

Bignonia capreolata cross-vine Lonicera sempervirens coral honeysuckle Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia-creeper Smilax spp. greenbrier Toxicodendron radicans eastern poison ivy Vitis rotundifolia muscadine

herbs

Anemone americana round-lobed hepatica Arisaema triphyllum jack-in-the-pulpit Athyrium asplenioides southern lady fern Botrypus virginianus rattlesnake fern Cardamine angustata eastern slender toothwort Chamaelirium luteum devil's bit Chimaphila maculata pipsissewa Chrysogonum virginianum green-and-gold Endodeca serpentaria turpentine-root Epifagus virginiana beechdrops Erythronium umbilicatum dimpled trout lily Eutrochium purpureum purple-node Joe Pye weed Galium circaezans southern forest bedstraw Geranium maculatum wild geranium Goodyera pubescens downy rattlesnake-orchid Heuchera americana American alumroot Hexastylis arifolia little brown jug Hexastylis minor little heartleaf Hexastylis virginica Virginia heartleaf Hylodesmum nudiflorum naked tick-trefoil Iris cristata dwarf crested iris Maianthemum racemosum false Solomon's seal Melica mutica melic grass Mitchella repens partridge-berry Nabalus serpentarius lion's foot Panicum spp. switch grass Passiflora lutea yellow passionflower Podophyllum peltatum may-apple Polygonatum biflorum small Solomon's seal Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern Prenanthes serpentaria lion's foot Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot Solidago caesia axillary goldenrod Stellaria pubera star chickweed Thalictrum thalictroides rue-anemone Tiarella cordifolia heartleaf foamflower Tipularia discolor cranefly orchid Trillium catesbaei Catesby's trillium Uvularia perfoliata perfoliate bellwort Viola spp. violet